{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T16:57:19Z","timestamp":1772384239863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Follicular helper (Tfh), peripheral helper (Tph), and regulatory (Treg) T cells are involved in myasthenia gravis (MG) pathogenesis, an autoimmune disorder arising from autoantibodies targeting neuromuscular junction proteins. This study explores the impact of low\u2010dose IL\u20102 on Tfh, Tph, and Treg cells in vitro in MG. Acetylcholine\u2010receptor antibody\u2010positive MG (AChR\u2010MG), muscle\u2010specific kinase antibody\u2010positive MG (MuSK\u2010MG) patients, and healthy controls (HC) were studied. Blood cells were cultured with\/without IL\u20102 and compared by the ratios of IL\u20102 stimulated\/unstimulated cultures. In both AChR\u2010MG and MuSK\u2010MG patients, CD25\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tregs were lower, while CXCR5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PD\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tfh and CXCR5\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    PD\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tph cells were higher compared with HC. Among the MG group, the FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Treg cells in AChR\u2010MG patients were even lower compared with MuSK\u2010MG patients. In vitro IL\u20102 stimulation increased Tregs in all groups while decreasing PD\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tfh and PD\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tph populations. The fold\u2010increase ratio of Tregs and the fold\u2010decrease ratio of PD\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tfh and ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tph cells in AChR\u2010MG and MuSK\u2010MG patients were greater than in HCs. Low\u2010dose IL\u20102 treatment may balance Tfh, Tph, and Treg cells in MG patients, offering a potential opportunity for disease modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T15:51:20Z","timestamp":1726588280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro modulation of T cells in myasthenia gravis by low\u2010dose IL\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Merve","family":"\u00c7ebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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