{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:39:34Z","timestamp":1793493574084,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), neutrophil dysregulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation contribute to disease pathogenesis, potentially worsening the autoimmune response. Although research indicates NETs\u2019 involvement in various autoimmune conditions, their relationship with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SLE remains elusive. In this study, in vivo experiments were involved in administering NET injections to C57BL\/6 and MRL\/Ipr mice. In vitro, a co\u2010culture system facilitated interaction between Tregs and NETs. Proteomic analysis elucidated NET composition, while RNA sequencing delineated their impact on Treg differentiation. We demonstrated that increased NET levels correlate inversely with Treg abundance in SLE patients, influencing both their proportion and functionality. NET administration reduced Treg levels and induced lupus\u2010like symptoms in C57BL\/6 mice, exacerbating symptoms in MRL\/Ipr mice. DNase I treatment mitigated NET effects, restoring Treg levels and alleviating symptoms. RNA sequencing revealed altered gene expression in na\u00efve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells exposed to NETs. Additionally, proteomic analysis showed S100A10 protein changes between SLE patients and healthy controls, hindering Treg differentiation. NETs influence TLR\u20104 of na\u00efve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells via S100A10, thereby modulating Treg proportion and functionality. These findings highlight the critical role of NETs in Treg differentiation in SLE, suggesting that targeting NETs may provide a novel therapeutic approach.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T08:47:04Z","timestamp":1730969224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Participate in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Through S100A10\u2010Mediated Regulatory T\u2010Cell Differentiation and Functional Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Dalian Medical University  Dalian China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Research Center of Clinical Medicine Research Center of Clinical Immunology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School of Nantong University 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