{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:58:18Z","timestamp":1784818698062,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infection with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 results in mild to severe COVID\u201019 disease courses. Several studies showed the association of impaired T\u2010cell responses and certain HLA haplotypes with disease severity. However, it remained unclear if T\u2010cell activation was compromised due to a general reduction of presented epitopes or other intrinsic factors within APCs or T cells. Furthermore, a potential reduction of presented epitopes would suggest if an upcoming SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variant could escape T\u2010cell immunity. Hence, knowledge about the T\u2010cell epitope landscape of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 would allow to better understand mechanisms leading to severe disease and to estimate the potential stability of the T\u2010cell response in light of virus evolution, which might provide insights for future vaccine designs. Hence, in the present study, the T\u2010cell epitope landscape of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was determined via\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    T\u2010cell stimulation plus\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    prediction. HLAs associated with mild and severe disease courses showed almost the same potential in epitope presentation, suggesting intrinsic factors of APCs or T cells as contributors to the more severe disease courses. As T\u2010cell epitopes did also not originate from regions of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 having shown high mutation rates in the past, a relatively stable T\u2010cell response can be expected regarding new SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 strains in the future. Analysis of the T\u2010cell epitope landscape of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 suggests T\u2010cell intrinsic factors as likely modulators of disease severity and that the capacity of MHC\u2010peptide presentation remains stable among circulating SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:10:02Z","timestamp":1745280602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct HLA Haplotypes Are Associated With an Altered Strength of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010Specific T\u2010Cell Responses and Unfavorable Disease Courses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"D\u00f6rnte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miltenyi Biotec B.V. &amp; Co. 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