{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:37:05Z","timestamp":1789040225597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    radiation\u2010attenuated sporozoites (RAS) confer sterile protection in mammalian hosts. The duration of protection is affected by the dose of RAS, the route of immunization, and the timing of primary challenge (PC). Giving PC shortly after the last\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Pb) RAS immunization of C75BL\/6 mice led to the long\u2010term sterile protection, whereas delaying PC beyond 6 months resulted in parasitemia. The mechanisms responsible for the divergent outcome remain unknown. Because liver effector\/memory CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are associated with lasting protection, herein we asked if any functions of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells would be diminished or lost by delaying PC. Using the Pb protection model, we characterized functional attributes and phenotypes of liver and spleen CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells following early and delayed PC. Compared with CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells before the challenge, liver KLRG\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>int<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD107\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IFN\u2010\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL\u20102\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells increased after early but decreased following delayed PC. Memory CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells exhibited higher expression of Bcl\u20102 at early rather than delayed PC. Finally, splenic and liver\u2010draining lymph node CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells expressed significantly higher CXCR6 and the respective ligands but only following early PC. Collectively, our results show that enhanced proliferation, migration, and elevated effector functions of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are associated with the longevity of sterile protection in the Pb RAS murine model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T02:23:28Z","timestamp":1745634208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Plasmodium berghei<\/i>\n                    Radiation\u2010Attenuated Sporozoite\u2010Immunized Mice Require Infectious Sporozoite Challenge to Maintain Protective Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardik","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"},{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research Seattle Children's Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishakha","family":"Bhurani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditi","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolly","family":"Jagwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avantika","family":"Ahiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillip K.","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nachuni Mahavidyalaya  Khurda India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Krzych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Immunology CIDR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarat K.","family":"Dalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science Nirma University  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/216160a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500925102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.4.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.9.4066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.184.Supp.52.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02038-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunity to Malaria in an Era of Declining Malaria Transmission","author":"Fowkes F. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.8.4072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(90)90087-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.2.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90018-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Infectious Sporozoites of Plasmodium Berghei Effectively Activate Liver CD8\u03b1+ Dendritic Cells","author":"Parmar R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.5936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.f.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X666421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.804186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/330664a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001700314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.8.3950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00074-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00261-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01937-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.9.5779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60523-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805452105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.005"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.202451542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T08:04:04Z","timestamp":1763021044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.202451542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.202451542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.202451542","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451542\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202451542"}}