{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:23:46Z","timestamp":1792023826595,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007366","name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/R\u2010Multi\/024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/R\u2010Multi\/024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Maintenance of memory T\u2010cells in the bone marrow and systemically depends on the homeostatic cytokines IL\u20107 and IL\u201015. An immunological memory may also exist for regulatory T\u2010cells. EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    type\u20101 regulatory (Tr1)\u2010like cells have a rapid in vivo turnover, but whether they are short\u2010lived effector cells or are maintained long\u2010term has not been investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010like cells expressing GzmK were enriched among CD69\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Ki67\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells in the bone marrow of healthy donors, suggesting that they became quiescent and bone marrow\u2010resident. Conversely, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    GzmB\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    effector T\u2010cells were excluded from the bone marrow\u2010resident fraction. The dichotomy between GzmK\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and GzmB\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells was observed both in healthy individuals and in multiple sclerosis patients, and also among CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells. Intriguingly, bone marrow\u2010resident CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory T\u2010cells expressed increased levels of IL\u20107R\u03b1, while EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010like cells were consistently IL\u20107R\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>\n                    . However, EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010like cells expressed the IL\u20102\/15R\u03b2 chain, and the latter was induced upon forced expression of EOMES in primary human CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells. Finally, IL\u201015 rescued EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010enriched populations from death by neglect but was not required for CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory T\u2010cell survival. These findings suggest that the bone marrow may provide a survival niche for EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010like cells. The different IL\u20107 and IL\u201015 receptor expression patterns of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory T\u2010cells and EOMES\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010like cells suggest furthermore that they compete for different homeostatic niches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:17:27Z","timestamp":1747369047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Human Bone Marrow May Offer an IL\u201015\u2010Dependent Survival Niche for EOMES\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Tr1\u2010Like Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Pulvirenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Righetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Dadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Boffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genova  Genova Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Laroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genova  Genova Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Vigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Raiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Crosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Maglie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Biological Resource Center Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Universit\u00e0 degli Studi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Abrigani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, Department of Excellence 2023\u20132027 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Uccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genova  Genova Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genova 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