{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:11:51Z","timestamp":1773724311542,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The development of virtual memory CD8 T cells is dependent on IL\u20104, type I interferon, and IL\u201015. However, it remains unclear whether these cytokines individually contribute to the generation of specific subsets of virtual memory CD8 T cells. In this study, virtual memory CD8 T cells were categorized into four subsets based on Ly6C and Sca\u20101 expression, and their development was examined using knock\u2010out mice lacking IFNAR1, IL\u20104, or IL\u201015R\u03b1. Notably, both Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets were significantly reduced in the spleen of IFNAR1 knock\u2010out mice, while the proportion of Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    VM CD8 T cells was reduced in IL\u20104\u2010deficient mice. In IL\u201015R\u03b1 knock\u2010out mice, both the Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets were significantly reduced. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns in na\u00efve cells, true memory cells, and the four virtual memory cell subsets. Specifically, Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets were enriched with IL\u201015 signal\u2010related genes, whereas Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets and true memory cells were enriched for cell cycle\u2010related genes. Functionally, the Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\/or Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets exhibited higher production of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 compared with the Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sca\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets. Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogeneity of virtual memory CD8 T cells and highlights the cytokine\u2010dependent nature of their development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:43:31Z","timestamp":1750250611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IL\u20104, IL\u201015, and Type I Interferon Orchestrate the Shaping of the Heterogeneity of Virtual Memory CD8 T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Hi Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun A.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ji","family":"Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Il","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Cheon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Translational Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University Graduate School  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Innate Memory T Cells","volume":"126","author":"Jameson S. 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