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These attacks may involve immune and inflammatory mechanisms. We compared serum biomarkers indicating vascular integrity, leakage, angiogenesis, coagulation, and inflammation. During an attack\u2010free period, we assessed 34 markers simultaneously using multi\u2010 and\/or singleplex ELISA in 25 patients with C1\u2010INH\u2010HAE, 17 with ACEi\u2010AE, 25 with Hist\u2010AE, and 23 healthy controls. Differential blood counts, C1\u2010INH\u2010HAE\u2010specific laboratory parameters, and recently developed assays addressing early complement and lectin pathways were included. The results revealed significant differences, as well as some similarities. Tie\u20102, VEGFs, C1s\/C1INHc appear to play a role in all AE types regardless of whether they are bradykinin\u2010 or histamine\u2010mediated. Furthermore, evidence was found for a role of IL\u201017, eosinophil, and neutrophil chemotactic factors, and the activation of these granulocytes was found. MASP\u20101\/C1\u2010INHc indicated early activation of the lectin pathway in ACEi\u2010AE and HistAE, but not in C1\u2010INH\u2010HAE. C1s\/C1\u2010INHc and MASP\u20101\/C1INHc ratio was able to discriminate C1\u2010INH\u2010HAE from controls and the other AE types. Future investigations in C1\u2010INH\u2010HAE, ACEi\u2010AE, and Hist\u2010AE should not only focus on complement activation but also the interaction with granulocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1753079691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Activation of the Complement\/Lectin Pathway, Angiopoietin\/Tie\u20102\/VEGF\u2010System, Cytokines and Chemokines in Different Angioedema Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Katharina Marlies","family":"Duda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hereditary Angioedema Center for Rare Diseases Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hereditary Angioedema Center for Rare Diseases Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9868-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina","family":"Wedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Hereditary Angioedema Center for Rare Diseases Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8561-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08839-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8540-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.70058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071759"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03752.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"T. 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