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While neutrophils contribute to SLE pathogenesis, their phenotypic heterogeneity in disease remains poorly characterized. Here, we used mass cytometry to profile blood neutrophils from patients with biopsy\u2010confirmed proliferative LN and healthy controls. We identified a distinct population of activated neutrophils, marked by surface expression of lysosomal\u2010associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1\/CD107a), that was virtually absent in healthy individuals. We demonstrate that LAMP1 resides intracellularly in resting neutrophils and translocates to the cell surface upon activation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed no difference in LAMP1 mRNA expression between patients with SLE and controls, confirming that surface LAMP1 reflects neutrophil activation rather than increased transcription. Soluble LAMP1 was significantly elevated in serum from patients with SLE compared with controls, with the highest levels in proliferative LN. In a large cohort of 225 patients with LN, urinary LAMP1 correlated with glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and histological activity indices. Together, our findings reveal LAMP1 as a marker of neutrophil activation in SLE and identify serum and urinary LAMP1 as potential noninvasive biomarkers for proliferative LN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T05:43:55Z","timestamp":1754372635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neutrophil Heterogeneity Identifies an Association of LAMP1 With Proliferative Lupus Nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennard","family":"Ostendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Rheuma\u2010Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) an Institute of the Leibniz Association  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of 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