{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:23:33Z","timestamp":1787955813906,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome is associated with increased inflammation in the female genital tract. Microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), such as\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Megasphaera elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , replace the health\u2010associated bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cause inflammation affecting mucosal integrity and immunity. However, it remains unclear how these BV\u2010associated bacteria modulate immune cells and enhance inflammation. Here, we investigated whether BV\u2010associated bacteria directly affected dendritic cell (DC) function. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not\n                    <jats:italic>M. elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced cell\u2013cell clustering between monocytic cell lines and, importantly, between primary DCs and primary CD4 T cells. Our data indicate that this increased clustering is independent of LFA\u20101. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced DC\u2010mediated CD4 T cell proliferation. Altogether, these results suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced cell\u2013cell clustering contributes to the elevated mucosal inflammation observed during bacterial vaginosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T08:11:41Z","timestamp":1756887101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bacterial Vaginosis\u2010Associated\n                    <i>Prevotella timonensis<\/i>\n                    Enhances Dendritic Cell\u2013T Cell Clustering and Subsequent T Cell Proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen Y.","family":"van Smoorenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Nerwinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"van Hamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester B. M.","family":"Remmerswaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Segui\u2010Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Strijbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teunis B. 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