{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:10:47Z","timestamp":1790104247836,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Equine asthma (EA) is the most prevalent chronic lung disease in horses. Neutrophils are the main effector cells in severe EA. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as contributors to severity in human asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, we aimed to investigate if NET\u2010related factors in equine neutrophils, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) allow us to differentiate EA severities and to identify NET\u2010related mechanistic insights in EA. We quantified NETs and NET\u2010related factors in the blood and BALF of eight healthy horses and 18 horses with differing EA severities. The proportion of activated cells in BALF increased with EA severity, accompanied by dysregulation of local NET regulators in severe EA. Furthermore, circulating anti\u2010neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs = NET\u2010autoantibodies) were found elevated in severely diseased horses. In line with these findings, NET formation by circulating neutrophils was found to depend on the severity of EA. Finally, we analysed the cholesterol content of circulating neutrophils and identified an asthma\u2010severity\u2010dependent decrease in cellular cholesterol, which correlated with increased NET formation and hypoxia. Local and systemic modifications\u2014particularly in neutrophil cellular cholesterol content\u2014provide further insight into the partially understood pathogenesis of EA and point to a systemic cholesterol\u2010associated inflammatory component fuelling disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:48:54Z","timestamp":1759812534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Equine Asthma Is Characterised by Severity\u2010Dependent Correlations Between Blood Neutrophil Cholesterol Content and NET Formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1050-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia K.","family":"Meiseberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AhmedElmontaser","family":"Mergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Delarocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabea","family":"Imker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darleen","family":"K\u00f6hn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalanda","family":"Wanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin J. 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