{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:33:07Z","timestamp":1794018787036,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Effective antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells is crucial for adaptive immunity. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation may impair these processes. We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study to compare immune phenotypes between people with T2DM and healthy controls, and to correlate these findings with clinical parameters. People with T2DM exhibited augmented MHC I levels on B cells and CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes, and a shift in T cell polarization toward proinflammatory phenotypes. This was characterized by increased frequencies of type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells, and higher production of interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and interleukin (IL)\u201010 by CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. Additionally, people with T2DM had higher frequencies of CD28\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IFN\u2010\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and elevated expression of CD28, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201010, and IL\u201017A by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. The shift toward a Tc1 phenotype correlated positively with blood glucose and negatively with insulin levels. Likewise, Th1 cell frequencies and IL\u201017 production by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells correlated positively with blood glucose, while IL\u201010\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell percentages correlated positively with insulin levels. Our findings suggest that T2DM is associated with a proinflammatory T\u2010cell profile, polarization of which is linked to metabolic parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:36:58Z","timestamp":1766155018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Augmented MHC Class I on Professional Antigen\u2010Presenting Cells and Enhanced Cytokine Production by CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Core Research Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharushika","family":"Jayasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Research Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences Lodz University of Technology  Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amigene Institute  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core 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