{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:54:35Z","timestamp":1775868875098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased severity and mortality from respiratory virus infections. Vaccination in the general population significantly reduces the risk of severe respiratory viral infection and triggers a strong, polyfunctional, and lasting T cell response in healthy individuals. However, vaccine effectiveness in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. Here, we studied the magnitude and functional characteristics of vaccine\u2010specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses to vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and compared them to those of people living without diabetes, using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) vaccine as a model. We found defects in both CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell memory maintenance and the functionality of the vaccine\u2010specific T cells in people with diabetes compared with people without. In those individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who harbored detectable vaccine\u2010specific T cells, they displayed an unfocused, tolerogenic phenotype characterized by increased expression of IL\u201010 and IL\u201013 compared with people without diabetes. These results have implications for vaccination strategies for people with diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T07:55:05Z","timestamp":1765353305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IL\u201010\u2010 and IL\u201013\u2010Biased T Cell Responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Vaccination in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caren","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stradner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schlenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Sereban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Othmar","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bayreuth  Bayreuth Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Imperial College NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte\u2010Eve","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Imperial College NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H. L.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fertleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham P.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Imperial College NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Dominguez\u2010Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Infections in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Casqueiro J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1446719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1760098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102023\u2010078135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20100312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21\u20101563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128714"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002343\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276\u2010023\u201001105\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i6.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1018393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010023\u201001983\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db22\u20100053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2002.5220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010015\u20100295\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003791\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102814\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.156559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0602\u2010567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","article-title":"IL\u201013 Is a Driver of COVID\u201019 Severity","volume":"6","author":"Donlan A. 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