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Neonatal neutrophilic cells (NNC) are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, which differ substantially from adults. They display functional deficits in pro\u2010inflammatory responses and include a suppressive subpopulation known as myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSC). It remains unclear whether pro\u2010 or anti\u2010inflammatory properties of NNC predominate immediately after birth. This study aimed to clarify the role of neutrophilic cells in neonatal murine sepsis. We established a neonatal mouse model of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010sepsis and depleted NNC using an anti\u2010Ly6G antibody to assess mortality, bacterial load, cytokine responses, and immune cell composition. A dose of 30,000 CFU\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in a 67% survival rate in neonatal mice with litters of 5\u20136 pups, while mortality increased in larger litters. NNC\u2010depletion significantly increased mortality and systemic inflammation during neonatal sepsis, whereas bacterial load was only minimally affected. Other immune cell populations remained unchanged.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    sepsis induced pronounced neutrophil infiltration into organs of adults, whereas neonates exhibit reduced numbers of NNC in affected organs. Overall, our findings suggest that NNC\u2010mediated control of inflammation may protect neonates from lethal sepsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T06:36:37Z","timestamp":1774852597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depletion of Neonatal Neutrophilic Cells Worsens the Outcome of\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    Sepsis in Newborn Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3688-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuebingen University Children's Hospital Department of Neonatology  Tuebingen 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