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During infection or immunization by a foreign antigen, naive T cells can receive antigen\u2010specific activation signals after recognition of MHC\u2010antigenic peptide complexes. But the CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell population in immunologically naive hosts is not restricted to circulating naive T cells expecting cognate antigen encounter. Indeed, memory\u2010phenotype T cells (T\n                    <jats:sub>MP<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) develop in the absence of foreign antigen encounter and therefore exist in naive, pathogen\u2010free, as well as germ\u2010free conditions. T\n                    <jats:sub>MP<\/jats:sub>\n                    have been shown to mediate bystander cell killing through innate mechanisms, as well as rapidly respond to cognate antigen stimulation. While the existence of foreign antigen\u2010inexperienced T\n                    <jats:sub>MP<\/jats:sub>\n                    is now well acknowledged in laboratory mice, and also recognized in humans, the extensive nomenclature used for their description challenges the overall understanding of their multiple functions in health and disease. This article discusses the current understanding and controversies on the origin, maintenance and functions of the various populations recognized as T\n                    <jats:sub>MP<\/jats:sub>\n                    and highlights some potential challenges for deciphering their fate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:41:29Z","timestamp":1773675689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Going Virtual as a Memory\u2010Phenotype T Lymphocyte"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Developmental Immunology Division of Molecular Hematology Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin 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