{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1790298799473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants, like XBB.1.5, causing immune evasion and frequent breakthrough infections, emphasizes the need for vaccines that limit transmission and target newly emerging variants. Mucosal vaccines, particularly live attenuated vaccines (LAV), are promising candidates for inducing strong mucosal immune responses to prevent viral replication and transmission. Vaccination with the previously described \u201cone\u2010to\u2010stop\u201d codon\u2010modified LAV OTS\u2010228, carrying the ancestral spike protein, induced sterilizing immunity against ancestral SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 but also broad protection against Omicron variants, including XBB.1.5, but transmission of XBB.1.5 to contacts could not be prevented completely. As a proof\u2010of\u2010concept, we updated OTS\u2010228 by replacing the sequence coding for the ancestral SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein with that of the XBB.1.5 variant. We applied flow cytometry to detect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific T cell responses, as well as ELISA and qPCR, to characterize systemic and mucosal immune responses in Syrian hamsters in detail. The new OTS construct designated as \u201cOTS\u2010300\u201d exhibited an optimal safety profile in Syrian hamsters comparable to the original candidate vaccine. A single\u2010dose intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with OTS\u2010300 protects against disease, substantially limits XBB.1.5 replication, and reduces transmission in Syrian hamsters, showcasing the adaptability of the OTS platform for other emerging variants. OTS\u2010300 induced accelerated mucosal and systemic antibody responses and reduced virus\u2010mediated inflammation as compared with an intramuscularly delivered mRNA vaccine encoding the XBB.1.5 Spike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:36:17Z","timestamp":1777959377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adapted Live SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Vaccine Elicits Rapid Mucosal Immunity, Protects From Disease, and Reduces Shedding of XBB.1.5"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Kochmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut  Greifswald\u2010Insel Riems Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Britzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut  Greifswald\u2010Insel Riems Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico Jo\u00ebl","family":"Halwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut  Greifswald\u2010Insel Riems Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut  Greifswald\u2010Insel Riems Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angele","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut  Greifswald\u2010Insel Riems Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Tuba","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology Bern and Mittelh\u00e4usern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology Bern and Mittelh\u00e4usern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina Salome","family":"Tr\u00fceb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology Bern and Mittelh\u00e4usern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern 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