{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:21:51Z","timestamp":1791390111292,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Germany\u2019sExcellenceStrategy,EXC2155RESIST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Germany\u2019sExcellenceStrategy,EXC2155RESIST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["390874280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390874280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major global health problem. Although treatment and survival have impressively improved, many patients face comorbidities such as increased susceptibility to infection that may shorten their lives. As many children undergo cardiac surgery with concomitant thymectomy early in life, most studies of the immune system in patients with CHD have focused on the quantitative analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations, maturation, and T cell receptor repertoires, whereas knowledge of effector functions remains limited. We analysed \u03b1\u03b2 T cell phenotypes, transcriptomes, and functions in children with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery within a year of birth and were followed up to five to ten years after thymectomy, in comparison to age\u2010matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Children with CHD showed reduced T cell populations, a reduction of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and naive T cells, regulatory T cells with a higher suppressive phenotype, and, most importantly, high activation states of T cells, further reflected in higher granzyme and cytokine production. This reveals persistent alterations in T cell immunity years after early\u2010life thymectomy in children with CHD, highlighting the need for long\u2010term immune monitoring and providing a basis for understanding immune\u2010related comorbidities in this patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:57:55Z","timestamp":1778669875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sustained Effector Functions and Memory Accumulation of \u03b1\u03b2 T Cells in Children With Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yusuf Eshimutu","family":"Abu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kammeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Gutierrez","family":"Jauregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svea","family":"Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adan Chari","family":"Jirmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Horke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Beerbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Boehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarina","family":"Ravens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Damkj\u00e6r E.Garne M.Loane et\u00a0al. \u201cTiming of Cardiac Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Mortality in Children with Severe Congenital Heart Defects across Europe: Data from the EUROlinkCAT Study \u201dJournal of the American Heart Association12 no.24(2023):e029871 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.029871.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.029871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010020\u20100345\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010immunol\u2010032712\u2010100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979\u2010020\u20100173\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010021\u201000927\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00316","article-title":"The Effect of Age on Thymic Function","volume":"4","author":"Palmer D. B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.774780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2302892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741\u2010021\u201010187\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2022.100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000147735.19342.DE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105223(98)70403\u20109"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Immunodeficiency Following Neonatal Thymectomy in Man","volume":"70","author":"Brearley S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201051673\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102249.2008.03771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","article-title":"Dictionary Learning for Integrative, Multimodal and Scalable Single\u2010Cell Analysis","author":"Hao Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010019\u20100619\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiad069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.CAN\u201020\u20103562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010015\u20101174\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2021.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423\u2010021\u201000699\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102005\u201011\u20104616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875\u2010024\u201001703\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10040093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9030-6_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026893316040026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20172018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010025\u201002326\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interleukin 32 Promotes Foxp3+ Treg Cell Development and CD8+ T Cell Function in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment","volume":"9","author":"Han L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.6439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.162978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2013.78.020289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875\u2010024\u201001662\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201049332\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105\u20102896.2006.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102249.2004.02437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2024.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl060"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70261","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000}}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.70209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eji.70209","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.70209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:46:07Z","timestamp":1786697167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.70209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.70209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.70209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70209"}}