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Obesity, specifically visceral adiposity, has been identified as a significant risk factor for disease recurrence and complications. A hallmark of CD is the development of \u201ccreeping fat\u201d, which is characterized by adipocyte hyperplasia and increased adipokine secretion. Under homeostatic conditions, adipose tissue plays a key role in immune regulation through the secretion of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, which modulate JAK\/STAT, AMPK, and NF\u2010kB pathways in immune and epithelial cells. However, in obesity and under metabolic stress, mesenteric adipose tissue undergoes immune remodelling marked by macrophage polarization, Th1\/Th17 differentiation, and fibroblast reprogramming driven by TNF\u03b1, IL\u20106, and TGF\u2010\u03b21. These changes promote sustained cytokine production, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrostenotic remodelling of the intestinal wall. 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