{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:29:55Z","timestamp":1786688995008,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020027","name":"Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\u2010047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u2010047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The continuous evolution of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 raises concerns about immune escape from preexisting immunity. The monovalent JN.1adapted mRNA vaccine was developed to better match circulating variants, yet data on its ability to induce and broaden humoral and cellular immunity in individuals with or without prior infection remain limited. We recruited 37 immunocompetent adults before and two weeks after JN.1 vaccination to assess vaccine\u2010induced immunity. Spike\u2010specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were quantified following stimulation with spike\u2010derived peptides from the parental strain, XBB.1.5, and JN.1, and their CTLA\u20104 expression and cytokine profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Spike\u2010specific IgG and neutralizing activity against authentic parental, XBB.1.5, JN.1, and KP.3.1.1 isolates were also measured. JN.1 vaccination significantly increased spike\u2010specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell frequencies with comparable cytokine profiles across variants and enhanced CTLA\u20104 expression. IgG levels and neutralizing titers rose markedly, with the strongest relative increases against Omicron lineage variants. Prior infection was associated with higher neutralizing titers but did not influence T\u2010cell responses. Influenza vaccine co\u2010administration had no adverse effect on JN.1 immunogenicity. These findings indicate that hybrid immunity enhances antibody\u2010mediated protection, while robust, cross\u2010reactive T\u2010cell responses may contribute to sustained protection against severe disease irrespective of infection history.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:12:08Z","timestamp":1782213128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity After SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 JN.1 Vaccination in Individuals With and Without Prior Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Diener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, PharmaScienceHub Saarland University  Homburg 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