{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:02:58Z","timestamp":1790060578276,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), yet the cellular mediators of protective memory remain incompletely defined. Using a self\u2010resolving murine SSTI model, we combined longitudinal single\u2010cell RNA sequencing with flow cytometry to characterize immune memory within the skin following infection. We identified a persistent population of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells that remained in the skin after bacterial clearance and acquired a transcriptional program consistent with tissue residency, including expression of genes associated with tissue retention and long\u2010term residence. Phenotypic analysis confirmed the emergence of a skin\u2010resident memory T cell (Trm) population that persisted well beyond resolution of infection and displayed characteristics of a clonal T cell response. Upon reinfection, protective immunity was associated with rapid recall responses from these resident cells and was maintained despite FTY720\u2010mediated blockade of lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs, demonstrating that circulating lymphocytes were dispensable for protection. Together, these findings identify infection\u2010induced CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Trms as a durable component of immune memory following\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    SSTI and support a role for tissue\u2010resident immunity in protection against recurrent infection, highlighting CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Trms as a potential target for future vaccine strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T12:53:15Z","timestamp":1787575995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Profiling Identifies Skin\u2010Resident Memory CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells as a Potential Correlate of Immunity During\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Skin Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jonah","family":"Clegg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK via Fiorentina 1 Siena Italy"},{"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin  Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK via Fiorentina 1 Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Carignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK via Fiorentina 1 Siena Italy"},{"name":"INGM, C\/O Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano Via Francesco Sforza  Milano 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