{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:52:52Z","timestamp":1791460372646,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) play a central role in antiviral protection and are increasingly considered for prophylactic or therapeutic use, particularly against viruses lacking effective antiviral treatments. While research has predominantly focused on NAbs targeting the envelope proteins of enveloped viruses, nonenveloped viruses remain major human pathogens for which broad antibody responses are less well characterized. Recent work has identified several cross\u2010 and broadly neutralizing antibodies generated during human infection with nonenveloped viruses, revealing different mechanisms of action and new structural vulnerabilities. This review provides an overview of these NAbs, summarizes their mechanisms of action when these have been identified, and highlights recent advances relevant to antiviral antibody development and vaccine research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:08:42Z","timestamp":1791457722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Neutralizing and Broadly Neutralizing Human Antibodies Against Nonenveloped Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Marchand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, ITUN2  Nantes France"},{"name":"CHU Nantes, Service de Virologie  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Taouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, ITUN2  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorian","family":"McIlroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, ITUN2  Nantes France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques Nantes Universit\u00e9  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010018\u20100235\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573\u2010022\u201000495\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929\u2010019\u20100573\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201052226\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2025.30.7.2500061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014074107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201059088\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu8811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201057182\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba4902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041052\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201024649\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Zhu K.Xu N.Wang et\u00a0al. \u201cNeutralization Mechanisms of Two Highly Potent Antibodies Against Human Enterovirus 71 \u201dMBio9(2018): e01013\u201318 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01013\u201018.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01013-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202201567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2603048123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201071382\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426\u2010018\u20100197\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010024\u201001822\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201008908\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320041110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010024\u201001144\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf5211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010025\u201001952\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads8214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028757\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890280212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01189\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac8691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00779\u201022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(20)30873\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(11)70287\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12111239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam5434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00627\u201022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.13.6643\u20106651.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00234\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916028116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707369114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806314115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010022\u201001826\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aec5446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03906\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01732\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1694396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320624111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616502114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201056114\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005253"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.70290","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eji.70290","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.70290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:08:44Z","timestamp":1791457724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.70290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.70290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.70290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70290"}}