{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:51:58Z","timestamp":1790239918829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15HL113878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15HL113878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06RR0306551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR0306551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J Lipid Sci &amp; Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by plaque formation due to an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and immune cells in the walls of arteries. If a plaque ruptures, an occlusive thrombosis may form that causes either a heart attack or stroke. Macrophages express CB\u20102 receptors, and are one type of immune cell that plays a role in plaque destabilization and rupture. Endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2\u2010arachidonyl glycerol (2\u2010AG) have been found to have activity on CB\u20101 and CB\u20102 receptors throughout the body and immune system. In this study, we investigated several sample preparation options for the LC\u2010MS quantification of AEA and 2\u2010AG from plasma and aortic tissue. The extractions considered included liquid\u2013liquid (LLE), solid\u2010phase (SPE), and supported liquid (SLE). Some extraction protocols yielded high analyte recovery and prevention of 1\u2010AG\/2\u2010AG isomerization. Our results indicate that a liquid\u2010liquid extraction using toluene yields the highest recovery for both analytes, coupled with low ionization suppression in the mass spectrometer. This extraction and corresponding LC\u2010MS\/MS assay provides a simple, high throughput mechanism for the quantification of 2\u2010AG and AEA in matrices relevant to the study of endocannabinoids' role in atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Practical applications:<\/jats:bold> We developed an extraction method for AEA and 2\u2010AG from plasma and aortic tissue samples and an LC\u2010MS\/MS assay for quantification of these compounds to help understand the role of endocannabinoids and CB\u20102 receptors in atherosclerosis. This assay can be applied toward the measurement of endocannabinoids, AEA and 2AG, in aortic tissue and plasma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ejlt201500115-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"ejlt201500115-gra-0001\"\/><\/jats:p><jats:p>Mass chromatogram of AEA and 2\u2010AG extracted from spiked aortic tissue (10\u2009mcg\/mL) using toluene LLE protocol and analyzed by LC\u2010MS\/MS running in +ESI mode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201500115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T05:18:38Z","timestamp":1435123118000},"page":"814-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Optimized extraction of 2\u2010arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide from aortic tissue and plasma for quantification by LC\u2010MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Garst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makenzie","family":"Fulmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Thewke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346561a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365061a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory properties of N(2\u2010hydroxyethyl) palmitamide","volume":"39","author":"Perlik F.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. 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