{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:30:24Z","timestamp":1789504224488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K23HD082782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K23HD082782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8 UL1 TR000077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8 UL1 TR000077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000080","name":"Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000080","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic postsurgical pain (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) affects half a million children annually in the United States, with dire socioeconomic consequences, including long\u2010term disability into adulthood. The few studies of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in children are limited by sample size, follow\u2010up duration, non\u2010homogeneity of surgical procedure and factors evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective study of 144 adolescents undergoing a single major surgery (spine fusion), we evaluated demographic, perioperative, surgical and psychosocial factors as predictors of a continuum of postsurgical pain: immediate, pain maintenance at 2\u20133\u00a0months (chronic pain\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and persistence of pain a year (persistent pain\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) after surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found an incidence of 37.8% and 41.8% for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and acute pain were both significant predictors for developing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value &lt;0.001 and 0.003). Preoperative pain and higher postoperative opioid requirement was significantly associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.015,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), while Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and surgical duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.014) predicted\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The final regression models had reasonable predictive accuracy (c\u2010statistic of 0.73 and 0.83 for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , respectively). Anxiety scores and catastrophizing for child and parent were found to be significantly correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.013 respectively). Pain trajectories revealed that 65% of patients who developed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      reported\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and high pain trends; however, 33% of those who developed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      could not be identified using solely pain criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Persistent postsurgical pain in children is a significant problem. It can be predicted in part by combinations of psychological and clinical variables, which may provide evidence\u2010based measures to prevent development of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a homogeneous cohort of adolescents undergoing spine fusion, we report a high incidence of persistent postsurgical pain (41.8%) predicted by child anxiety, perioperative pain, and surgical duration. Our results stress timely preventive and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1490609968000},"page":"1252-1265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Predicting the pain continuum after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Chidambaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center USA"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati 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