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In FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content>, we also investigated the association between CA<\/jats:styled-content> and PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> on the one hand and pain severity on the other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Patient samples consisted of 154 female FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content>, 83 female FD<\/jats:styled-content> and 53 female achalasia patients consecutively recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Well\u2010validated self\u2010report questionnaires were used to investigate CA<\/jats:styled-content> and PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Forty\u2010nine per cent of FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> patients reported at least 1 type of CA<\/jats:styled-content>, compared to 39.7% of FD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 23.4% of achalasia patients (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The prevalence of CA<\/jats:styled-content> did not differ significantly between FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> and FD<\/jats:styled-content>, but both groups had a higher prevalence of CA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to both achalasia and healthy controls (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01). FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> patients were six times more likely to report PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> than both FD<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and achalasia (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>In FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content>, PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> comorbidity, but not CA<\/jats:styled-content>, was associated with self\u2010reported pain severity and PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> severity mediated the relationship between CA<\/jats:styled-content> and pain severity. In summary, the prevalence of CA<\/jats:styled-content> is higher in FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> compared to achalasia, but similar to FD<\/jats:styled-content>. However, PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> is more prevalent in FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> compared to FD<\/jats:styled-content> and associated with higher pain intensity in FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Significance<\/jats:title>As expected and has been shown in other functional disorders, we found elevated levels of childhood adversity in FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Results of this study however suggest that the impact of childhood adversity (i.e. whether such events have led to the development of PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms), rather than the mere presence of such adversity, is of crucial importance in FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Screening for PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms should be an essential part of the assessment process in patients suffering from FM<\/jats:styled-content>\/CWP<\/jats:styled-content>, and both prevention and intervention efforts should take into account PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms and their impact on pain severity and general functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T16:28:47Z","timestamp":1495729727000},"page":"1582-1590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence and impact of childhood adversities and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in women with fibromyalgia and\u00a0chronic widespread pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Coppens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leuven Centre for Algology & Pain Management University Hospitals Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and 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