{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:34:22Z","timestamp":1790739262047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDF\/2009\/02\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDF\/2009\/02\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>) symptoms can significantly differ between patients, fluctuate over time, disappear or persist. This leads to problems in defining recovery and in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define recovery from the patients\u2019 perspective and better understand their priorities for treatment approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Establishing an international consortium, we used a 2\u2010Round Delphi\u2010based study in eight countries across Europe and North America. Participants \u226518\u00a0years who met, or had met, Budapest clinical criteria were included. Round 1 participants completed the statement: \u2018I would\/do consider myself recovered from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> if\/because\u2026\u2019 alongside demographic and health questionnaires. Data were thematically organised and represented as 62 statements, from which participants identified and ranked their recovery priorities in Round 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Round 1 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0347, 80% female, 91% non\u2010recovered) dominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICF<\/jats:styled-content> themes were: activities of daily living; bodily functions; external factors; participation and personal factors. The top five priority statements in Round 2 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0252) were: no longer having (1) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related pain, (2) generalised pain and discomfort, (3) restricted range of movement, (4) need for medication, (5) stiffness in the affected limb. With very few exceptions, priorities were consistent, irrespective of patient demographics\/geography. Symptoms affecting daily activities were among those most frequently reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data showed a small number of themes are of highest importance to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> patients\u2019 definition of recovery. Patients want their pain, movement restriction and reliance on medication to be addressed, above all other factors. These factors should therefore be foremost concerns for future treatment and rehabilitation programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Those with longstanding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> may no longer meet diagnostic criteria but still be symptomatic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Defining recovery is therefore problematic in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our study has identified patients\u2019 definition of recovery from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>, in order of priority, as relief from: their <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related pain, generalised pain, movement restriction, reliance on medication, and stiffness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T08:52:46Z","timestamp":1512118366000},"page":"551-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Are you better? A multi\u2010centre study of patient\u2010defined recovery from Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Llewellyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal United Hospitals Bath UK"},{"name":"University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.S.","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal United Hospitals Bath UK"},{"name":"University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hibberd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal United Hospitals Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal United Hospitals Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Marinus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.G.S.M.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Thomassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch National CRPS Patient Organization Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balgrist University Hospital Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sontheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balgrist University Hospital Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Birklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Schlereth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"DKD HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust and Pain Research Institute University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Haigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Devon &amp; Exeter Hospital Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Connett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Devon &amp; Exeter Hospital Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Maih\u00f6fner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology General Hospital F\u00fcrth F\u00fcrth Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Spinal Cord Injury Centre of Western Denmark Viborg Regional Hospital Viborg Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Pain Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.N.","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zyluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Markham\u2010Stouffville Hospital Markham ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PARC (Promoting Awareness of RSD and CRPS in Canada) St. Catharines Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gobeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSSS Pierre Boucher Longueuil QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Moskovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington University Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)45:3<270::AID-ART260>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.3.240","article-title":"Algodystrophy: An under\u2010recognized complication of minor trauma","volume":"33","author":"Bickerstaff D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460344.54470.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/559","article-title":"Predictors for persistent neuropathic pain: A Delphi survey","volume":"14","author":"Boogaard S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-92","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome 1\u2013the Swiss cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Brunner F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181a11623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1714-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90121-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(95)00061-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598676761735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-108","article-title":"Translating the Dutch Walking Stairs, Walking Ability and Rising and Sitting Questionnaires into German and assessing their concurrent validity with VAS measures of pain and activities in daily living","volume":"11","author":"Heitz C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24162","article-title":"Recovery: What does this mean to patients with low back pain?","volume":"61","author":"Hush J.M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00170-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-012-9322-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7226.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)91074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000174515.07205.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/096382800296809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.06.023","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 arfter fractures of the distal radius: A prospective study of the role of psychological factors","volume":"30","author":"Puchalski P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181958f90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00045-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00110-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.23.3.35.s50","article-title":"Exploring the meaning of recovery following myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"Tod A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","volume-title":"SF\u201036 Health Survey Manual and Interpretation Guide","author":"Ware J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80211-8"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.1138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.1138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1695654908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.1138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.1138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.1138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}