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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of anodal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> on pain and function in people with upper limb neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was a double\u2010blinded, randomized controlled trial. Thirty participants were randomly allocated into active and sham <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> groups. Baseline assessments of pain and function, as well as quantitative sensory testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QST<\/jats:styled-content>) to probe the function of the nociceptive system, were undertaken prior to participants receiving 5\u00a0days of active or sham anodal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> (1\u00a0mA) over the primary motor cortex. The outcome measures were re\u2010assessed 1, 3 and 8\u00a0weeks following the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group analyses revealed no significant improvement in pain, function, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QST<\/jats:styled-content> measures over time in either group. However, there were significantly more individual responders (\u226530% change in pain) in the active compared to the sham <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> group at the final follow\u2010up. In the active group, there was a significant correlation indicating those with higher baseline pain had greater pain relief.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>On group analyses, no evidence was provided that 1 mA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> is beneficial for people with upper limb neuropathic pain, although it may provide lasting pain relief for some individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the group level, we found no evidence that 5\u00a0days of active 1\u00a0mA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> is effective for people with upper limb neuropathic pain. However, there were more individual responders in the active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> group compared to sham, and those who responded early after treatment experienced sustained pain relief.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T01:23:06Z","timestamp":1522027386000},"page":"1312-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation for upper limb neuropathic pain: A double\u2010blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"G.N.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute Auckland University of Technology New 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