{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:34:31Z","timestamp":1790739271928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Pain Federation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complex regional pain syndrome is a painful and disabling post\u2010traumatic primary pain disorder. Acute and chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are major clinical challenges. In Europe, progress is hampered by significant heterogeneity in clinical practice. We sought to establish standards for the diagnosis and management of CRPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The European Pain Federation established a pan\u2010European task force of experts in CRPS who followed a four\u2010stage consensus challenge process to produce mandatory quality standards worded as grammatically imperative (must\u2010do) statements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed 17 standards in 8 areas of care. There are 2 standards in diagnosis, 1 in multidisciplinary care, 1 in assessment, 3 for care pathways, 1 in information and education, 4 in pain management, 3 in physical rehabilitation and 2 on distress management. The standards are presented and summarized, and their generation and consequences were discussed. Also presented are domains of practice for which no agreement on a standard could be reached. Areas of research needed to improve the validity and uptake of these standards are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The European Pain Federation task force present 17 standards of the diagnosis and management of CRPS for use in Europe. These are considered achievable for most countries and aspirational for a minority of countries depending on their healthcare resource and structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This position statement summarizes expert opinion on acceptable standards for CRPS care in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T01:15:01Z","timestamp":1546996501000},"page":"641-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Standards for the diagnosis and management of complex regional pain syndrome: Results of a European Pain Federation task force"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Goebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Pain Research Institute University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Pain Research Institute University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Birklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rheumatology Balgrist University Hospital Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Casale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Rehabilitation Unit Habilita Hospitals Zingonia di Ciserano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Eccleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pain Research The University of Bath Bath Uk"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"European Pain Federation  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rambam Health Care Campus Institute of Pain Medicine  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candy S.","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Foundation Clinical Professor of Nursing University of West of England, Bristol &amp; Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Lorimer","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansom Institute, University of South Australia  Adelade Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Terkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Pain Research Center and Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Thomassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pati\u00ebntenvereniging CRPS  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzey","family":"Zyluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Hand Surgery Pomeranian Medical University  Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Pain Federation  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)","author":"ARUK","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2018.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Diagnostik und Therapie komplex regionaler Schmerzsyndrome (CRPS)","author":"Birklein F.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Ceruso M. 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