{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:17:41Z","timestamp":1761581861078},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee pain condition where hip and knee exercises help improve treatment outcomes. This study compared the acute effect of hip versus knee exercises on anti\u2010nociceptive and pro\u2010nociceptive mechanisms in young females with long\u2010standing PFP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized cross\u2010over study, 29 females with PFP performed hip and knee exercises in randomized order during a single day. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed by handheld pressure algometry at the patella, the tibialis anterior muscle, and the contralateral elbow. Cuff pressure algometry at the lower legs was used to assess pain detection threshold (cPDT) and tolerance (cPTT) as well as conditioned pain modulation (CPM: change in cPDT during contralateral cuff pain conditioning) and temporal summation of pain (TSP: ten painful cuff stimulations assessed on a visual analogue scale [VAS]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PPTs at the tibialis anterior muscle but not at the patella increased compared with baseline following both exercises (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.002). Compared with baseline, the cPDTs and cPTTs increased after both types of exercises (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The cPTTs increased more after knee compared to\u00a0hip exercises (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.007). VAS scores for TSP were increased following hip exercises (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) although the rate of VAS increase over repeated stimulations was not significantly affected by exercises. The CPM\u2010effect was reduced after both types of exercises (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A general hypoalgesic response to slowly increasing pressure stimuli was observed following both hip and knee exercises as well as decreased conditioned pain modulation, potentially indicating an attenuated ability from exercise to inhibit pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T05:44:16Z","timestamp":1565243056000},"page":"1780-1789","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exercise\u2010induced hypoalgesia in young adult females with long\u2010standing patellofemoral pain \u2013 A randomized crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Christian 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