{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:55:02Z","timestamp":1774410902331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project S01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project S01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thermo\u2010test devices are rarely used outside specialized pain centres because of high acquisition costs. Recently, a new, portable device (\u201cQ\u2010Sense\u201d) was introduced, which is less expensive but has reduced cooling capacity (20\u00b0C). We assessed the reliability\/validity of the \u201cQ\u2010Sense\u201d by comparing it with the Thermal Sensory Analyzer (TSA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a phantom\u2010skin model, the physical characteristics of both devices were compared. The clinical performance was assessed in a multicentre study by performing Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) in 121 healthy volunteers and 83 diabetic patients (Eudra\u2010Med\u2010No. CIV\u201012\u201005\u2010006501).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both device types showed ~40% slower temperature ramps for heating\/cooling than nominal data. Cold\/warm detection thresholds (CDT, WDT) and heat pain thresholds (HPT) of healthy subjects did not differ between device types. Cold pain thresholds (CPT) were biased for Q\u2010Sense by a floor effect (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). According to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), agreement between TSA and Q\u2010Sense was good\/excellent for CDT (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.894) and WDT (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.898), moderate for HPT (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.525) and poor for CPT (ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.305). In diabetic patients, the sensitivity of Q\u2010Sense to detect cold hypoesthesia was reduced in males &gt;60\u00a0years. Moderate correlations between thermal detection thresholds and morphological data from skin biopsies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a051) were similar for both devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical characteristics of both thermo\u2010test devices are similarly limited by the poor temperature conduction of the skin. The Q\u2010Sense is useful for thermal detection thresholds but of limited use for pain thresholds. For full clinical use, the lower cut\u2010off temperature should be set to \u226418\u00b0C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>High purchase costs prevent a widespread use of thermo\u2010test devices for diagnosing small fibre neuropathy. The air\u2010cooled \u201cQ\u2010Sense\u201d could be a lower cost alternative, but its technical\/clinical performance needs to be assessed because of its restricted cut\u2010off for cooling (20\u00b0C). This study provides critical information on the physical characteristics and the clinical validity\/reliability of the Q\u2010Sense compared to the \u201cThermal Sensory Analyzer\u201d (TSA). We recommend lowering the cut\u2010off value of the Q\u2010Sense to \u226418\u00b0C for its full clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T06:54:32Z","timestamp":1564469672000},"page":"1863-1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Technical and clinical performance of the thermo\u2010test device \u201cQ\u2010Sense\u201d to assess small fibre function: A head\u2010to\u2010head comparison with the \u201cThermal Sensory Analyzer\u201d TSA in diabetic patients and healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Doreen B.","family":"Pfau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology University of Heidelberg Mannheim 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