{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:42:23Z","timestamp":1782492143525,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Critical clinical questions regarding how soon and how long the analgesic effect will be achieved by acupuncture, as well as who will be responsive to acupuncture, need further address. The aim of the study was to investigate the response\u2010time relationship and covariate effects of acupuncture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Databases and Data Treatment<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to December 2018 for randomized controlled trials that involved sham acupuncture, true acupuncture and conventional therapy. We used a model\u2010based longitudinal meta\u2010analysis to characterize the response\u2010time profile of these treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010seven randomized clinical trials involved chronic shoulder, neck, knee and low back pain were included. The response\u2010time analysis suggested that the treatment duration of acupuncture will be 5\u00a0weeks or more to achieve 80% of maximum analgesic effect. Moreover a lower baseline pain intensity and the location of low back pain resulted in a lower pain relief of acupuncture intervention. The absolute maximum analgesic effects of sham acupuncture and conventional therapy were 22.6 and 15.8 points at a 0\u2013100 NRS scale. The absolute effect of true acupuncture was 26.1 points for low back pain (relative effect of 3.5 and 9.4 points to sham and conventional therapy), 34.9 points for other pain body locations (relative effect of 12.3 and 19.1 points to sham and conventional therapy), in patients with a baseline pain intensity of 60 points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment duration of acupuncture will not be less than 5\u00a0weeks to achieve 80% maximum analgesic effect. Higher analgesic effect was related to higher baseline pain intensity and pain location of neck, shoulder and knee.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our systematic review and meta\u2010analysis provides the clear evidence for the treatment duration and significant related covariates of acupuncture intervention for chronic pain. These results provide useful suggestion for acupuncture intervention in clinical pain management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T20:03:53Z","timestamp":1592078633000},"page":"1653-1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The response\u2010time relationship and covariate effects of acupuncture for chronic pain: A systematic review and model\u2010based longitudinal meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Caixia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy Department Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaolong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Data Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Chinese GRADE Center Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Chinese GRADE Center Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas T.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Pharmacometrics LLC. 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