{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:16:43Z","timestamp":1791357403471,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower limb radicular pain resulting from a herniated intervertebral disc is a cause of functional disability and could lead to increased consumption of opioids. We evaluated the efficacy of epidural magnesium combined with a local anaesthetic and steroid in the management of this pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, case\u2010control, randomized, double\u2010blind study. Fifty patients each received 2\u00a0ml bupivacaine, 1\u00a0ml (40\u00a0mg) methylprednisolone and 1\u00a0ml saline (0.9%) (group C) or magnesium (200\u00a0mg) instead of saline (group M). The primary outcome measure was the improvement in the pain score (assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS)), and the secondary outcome was the improvement in the functional ability (assessed using the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ)). The VAS and MODQ scores were assessed before and at 1\u00a0day, 1\u00a0week, 1\u00a0month and 3\u00a0months post\u2010intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The VAS and MODQ scores were significantly better in group M compared to those in group C at all times post\u2010injection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Comparisons within the same group showed that the VAS and MODQ scores were significantly better at all post\u2010injection time points compared to the pre\u2010injection scores in both group C and group <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adding magnesium to a local anaesthetic and steroid to be injected in the transforaminal epidural space could improve the pain and the quality of life in patients suffering from lower limb radicular pain due to lumbo\u2010sacral disc herniation, and this improvement could last for up to 3\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnesium is efficient when added to local anaesthetics and steroids for management of lower limb radicular pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1612928796000},"page":"1274-1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of transforaminal epidural magnesium administration when combined with a local anaesthetic and steroid in the management of lower limb radicular pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Fayoum Univeresity Al\u2010Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina M.","family":"Raouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of medicine ElMinia university ElMinia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany K.","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of medicine ElMinia university ElMinia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohair A.","family":"Megalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of medicine ElMinia university ElMinia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer Y.","family":"Hamawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of medicine ElMinia university ElMinia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Role of epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain: A systematic review of effectiveness and complications","volume":"8","author":"Abdi S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Banerjee S. &Jones S.(2017).Magnesium as an alternative or adjunct to opioids for migraine and chronic pain: a review of the clinical effectiveness and guidelines."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2007-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia","volume":"96","author":"Buvanendran A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Response. 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