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Searches were limited to the last 10\u00a0years (2008\u201011th April 2018, updated 28th September 2020). A two\u2010stage approach was undertaken: in stage one, data on prognostic factors was extracted from systematic reviews identified from the systematic search that met the inclusion criteria. Where a prognostic factor was investigated in \u22651 systematic review and where 50% or more of those reviews found an association between the prognostic factor and one of the outcomes of interest, it was taken forward to stage two. In stage two, additional information extracted included the strength of association found, consistency of effects and risk of bias. The GRADE approach was used to grade confidence in the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage one identified 41 reviews (90 prognostic factors), with 35 reviews (25 prognostic factors) taken forward to stage two. Seven prognostic factors (disability\/activity limitation, mental health; pain intensity; pain severity; coping; expectation of outcome\/recovery and fear\u2010avoidance) were judged as having moderate confidence for robust findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there was conflicting evidence for the strength of association with outcome, these factors may be used for identifying vulnerable subgroups or people able to self\u2010manage. Further research can investigate the impact of using such prognostic information on treatment\/referral decisions and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T04:55:47Z","timestamp":1618635347000},"page":"1627-1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Self\u2010reported prognostic factors in adults reporting neck or low back pain: An umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Mansell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Corp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwenllian","family":"Wynne\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobh\u00e1n","family":"Stynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00eblle","family":"van der Windt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis School of Medicine Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/physio.62.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118757387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44664-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3371-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000597"},{"issue":"444","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The influence of informal social support on risk and prognosis in spinal pain: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Campbell P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-012-0804-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0629-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816445be"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181643eb8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00632.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1487-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490060092030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Low back pain. 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