{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:11:23Z","timestamp":1772773883308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In order to decide between avoiding pain or pursuing competing rewards, pain must be assigned an abstract value that can be traded against that of competing goods. To assess the relationship between subjectively perceived pain and its value, we conducted an experiment where participants had to accept or decline different intensities of painful electric shocks in exchange of monetary rewards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (n = 90) were divided into three groups that were exposed to different distributions of monetary rewards. Monetary offers ranged linearly from $0 to $5 or $10 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and exponentially from $0 to $5 in group 3. Pain offers ranged from pain detection to pain tolerance thresholds. The value of pain was assessed by identifying the indifference points corresponding to a 50% chance of accepting a certain level of pain for a given monetary reward.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The value of pain increased quadratically as a function of the anticipated pain intensity and was found to be relative to the mean and standard deviation of monetary offers. Moreover, decision times increased as a function of the intensity of accepted painful stimulations. Finally, inter\u2010individual differences in psychological traits related to harm avoidance and persistence influenced the value of pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first demonstration that the value of pain follows a curvilinear function and is relative to the mean and standard deviation of competing monetary rewards. These new observations significantly contribute to our understanding of how pain is assigned value when making decisions between avoiding pain and obtaining rewards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work provides a description of the pain value function indicating how much people are willing to pay to avoid different intensities of pain. We found that the function was curvilinear, suggesting that the same unit of subjective pain has more value in the high vs. low pain range. Moreover, the pain value was influenced by the experimental manipulation of the rewards distribution and of the inter\u2010individual differences in harm avoidance and persistence. Altogether, the present study provides a detailed account of how subjectively experienced pain is assigned value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T11:42:21Z","timestamp":1638272541000},"page":"668-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The aversive value of pain in human decision\u2010making"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hocine","family":"Slimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Rainville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de somatologie Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine dentaire University of Montr\u00e9al Mont\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/00335530360535153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The collected works of Jeremy Bentham: An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation","author":"Bentham J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2575-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"1987 C. 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