{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:46:46Z","timestamp":1782478006310,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrical stimulation of skin afferents can induce somatosensory plasticity in humans. Nevertheless, it is unknown if this is possible to do through percutaneous stimulation of a peripheral nerve, which will allow for regional anaesthesia interventions. Furthermore, potentiation protocols applied over mainly non\u2010nociceptive fibres inhibit nociception in rodents, but this has not been tested in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether a protocol aiming to depress the nociceptive circuit and another aiming to potentiate non\u2010nociceptive circuits produce regional hypoalgesia and changes in motor function, applied through percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (pPNS), and to assess which of them is more promising for pain relief, immediately and 24\u00a0h after the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PT\u2010cLF protocol aims to depress the nociceptive pathway through <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>ain <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>T<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>hreshold, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>c<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>ontinuous <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>L<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>ow <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>F<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>requency stimulation and ST\u2010bHF aims to produce potentiation of the non\u2010nociceptive pathway, through <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>S<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>ensory <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>T<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>hreshold <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>b<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>urst stimulation at <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>H<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>igh <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>F<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>requency. All subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029) went through both protocols and a control condition in a randomized and blinded crossover design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to control, ST\u2010bHF induced distal hypoalgesia, towards electrical (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and mechanical stimuli (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and produced mechanical hypoesthesia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Contrarily, hypoalgesia was not observed after PT\u2010cLF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05) but increased electrical motor threshold (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04), reduced motor recruitment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), and the subjects reported feeling reduced strength (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This works provides evidence that is possible to induce antinociceptive plasticity in a wide territory using pPNS. Moreover, it demonstrates for the first time in humans that a protocol aiming to produce long\u2010term potentiation applied predominantly over non\u2010nociceptive afferents induces hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T07:43:18Z","timestamp":1645515798000},"page":"1039-1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sensorimotor effects of plasticity\u2010inducing percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation protocols: a blinded, randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Beltr\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy and Advanced Rehabilitation Clinic RehAv Elche  Elche Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ruiz\u2010del\u2010Portal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy and Advanced Rehabilitation Clinic RehAv Elche  Elche Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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