{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T06:18:54Z","timestamp":1794291534203,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Painful lumbar radiculopathy is a neuropathic pain condition, commonly attributed to nerve root inflammation\/compression by disc herniation. The present exploratory study searched for associations between pain intensity and inflammatory markers, herniated disc size, infection, psychological factors and pain modulation in patients with confirmed painful lumbar radiculopathy scheduled for spine surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior to surgery, 53 patients underwent the following evaluation: pain intensity measured on a 0\u201310 numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Short\u2010Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; sensory testing (modified DFNS protocol); pain processing including temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation (CPM); neurological examination; psychological assessment including Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory, Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels (IL\u20101b, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201017, TNF\u03b1, IFNg) and microbial infection (ELISA and rt\u2010PCR) in blood and disc samples obtained during surgery. MRI scans assessments for disc herniation size\/volume (MSU classification\/ three\u2010dimensional volumetric analysis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete data were available from 40 (75%) patients (15 female) aged 44.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.3\u00a0years. Pain intensity (NRS) positively correlated with pain catastrophizing and CPM (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.437, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.421, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007; respectively), but not with disc\/blood cytokine levels, bacterial infection or MRI measures. CPM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029) were associated with average pain intensity (adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.443).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This exploratory study suggests that pain catastrophizing, CPM and gender, seem to contribute to pain intensity in patients with painful lumbar radiculopathy. The role of mechanical compression and inflammation in determining the intensity of painful radiculopathy remains obscure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain catastrophizing, CPM and gender rather than objective measures of inflammation and imaging seem to contribute to pain in patients with painful radiculopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T15:20:53Z","timestamp":1648740053000},"page":"1269-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mechanism underlying painful radiculopathy in patients with lumbar disc herniation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8585-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Samuelly\u2010Leichtag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B. 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