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This may reduce the perceived intensity and the evoked cortical responses of concomitant nociceptive stimuli. Whether and how the competition for limited attentional resources between a cognitive task and pain impacts the development of long\u2010lasting hypersensitivity is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010four healthy participants were randomized into a low or high cognitive load group. Low\u2010frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) of the skin was used to induce secondary hypersensitivity. We hypothesized that performing the high\u2010load task during LFS would reduce the development of hypersensitivity. We examined whether painfulness, nonpain\u2010related sympathetic arousal, or sex related to hypersensitivity, by assessing intensity and unpleasantness of mechanical pinprick stimulation. During task execution, we recorded steady\u2010state evoked potentials evoked by LFS and skin conductance level for sympathetic arousal. Afterwards, participants reported task difficulty and LFS\u2010related fear. For the primary outcomes, we used mixed analysis of variances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results confirmed the difference in cognitive load. Although LFS successfully induced hypersensitivity, the high\u2010load task did not reduce its development. Next, the steady\u2010state evoked potentials did not differ between groups. Hypersensitivity correlated positively with pain\u2010related fear and negatively with skin conductance level before LFS, despite the lack of group differences in skin conductance level. We did not find any sex differences in hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results do not confirm that high cognitive load or sex modulate hypersensitivity, but show associations with pain\u2010related fear and non\u2010pain\u2010related sympathetic arousal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has mainly focused on cognitive load effects on the perception of acute painful stimuli. Yet this study extends our understanding by investigating cognitive load effects on the development of long\u2010lasting secondary hypersensitivity, a common aspect in numerous persistent pain conditions. As cognitive tasks are presented during a painful procedure inducing secondary hypersensitivity, we test the long\u2010lasting effects of cognitive load. Additionally, we used psychophysiological measurements to explored potential underlying mechanisms involving limited attentional resources and sympathetic arousal<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T05:29:27Z","timestamp":1676870967000},"page":"682-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effect of high versus low cognitive load on the development of nociceptive hypersensitivity: The roles of sympathetic arousal, sex and pain\u2010related fear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0874-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan W. S.","family":"Vlaeyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel N.","family":"van den Broeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience UC Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8539-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"von Leupoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU 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