{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:49:53Z","timestamp":1790660993113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid use has increased substantially as a treatment for chronic pain, although harms from long\u2010term opioid therapy outweigh the benefits. More knowledge about factors associated with long\u2010term opioid use is needed. We aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and long\u2010term opioid use in the period 2010\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a nested case\u2013control study in which the cases were all persons \u226518\u2009years with long\u2010term opioid use, that is use of opioids for more than 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009215,642). Cases were matched on gender, age and index year (first long\u2010term use period) with four controls who filled at least one opioid prescription, but never developed long\u2010term opioid use in the study period (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009862,568). We performed a logistic regression analysis adjusted for relevant confounders, stratified on age groups (18\u201367\u2009years and 68\u2009years and above).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the younger age group, long\u2010term opioid use was associated with low education (adjusted odds ratio, aOR\u2009=\u20091.54; 95% confidence interval, CI [1.51\u20131.57]), low income (1.33 [1.31\u20131.36]), being unemployed (1.40 [1.38\u20131.42]) and receiving disability pension (1.36 [1.33\u20131.38]). Weaker associations were found for living in a single\u2010person household or in a dense geographical area. Similar associations were found for the older age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that low socioeconomic status was associated with long\u2010term opioid use both among people in working age and older people. These results indicate a need for social and financial support for non\u2010pharmacological treatment of chronic pain among people with lower socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that people with low socioeconomic status are at higher risk of developing long\u2010term opioid use. In the clinical setting, physicians should consider socioeconomic status when prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Non\u2010pharmacological treatment options funded by public health services should be prioritized to those with low socioeconomic status as long\u2010term opioid use in chronic pain patients is not recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1690506842000},"page":"95-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Socioeconomic risk factors for long\u2010term opioid use: A national registry\u2010linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"H. H.","family":"Nestvold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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