{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:22:50Z","timestamp":1789168970341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pain is a major cause of suffering and disability and is often associated with psychiatric complications. Current treatments carry the risk of severe side effects and may lead to limited or no relief at all in a relevant portion of this patient population. Preliminary evidence suggests that classical psychedelics (e.g. LSD and psilocybin) may have analgesic effects in healthy volunteers, and in certain chronic pain conditions and observational studies reveal that they are used in naturalistic settings as a means to manage pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to gain insight on the effectiveness of such compounds in chronic pain conditions, we set up a survey addressed to chronic pain patients inquiring about psychedelic use and the relief levels achieved with both conventional treatments, full psychedelic doses and microdoses. We analysed data related to five conditions selected based on diagnostic homogeneity within each of them: fibromyalgia, arthritis, migraine, tension\u2010type headache and sciatica.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Except for sciatica, volunteers reported that psychedelics led to better pain relief compared to conventional medication in all examined conditions. More specifically, full doses performed better than conventional medication. Microdoses led to significantly better relief compared to conventional medication in migraines and achieved comparable relief in the remaining three categories. Implications for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full doses and microdoses may hold value in the treatment of some specific chronic pain conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychedelic substances are receiving increasing attention from the scientific literature because of evidence showing beneficial effects on several measures related to mental health in clinical samples and healthy volunteers samples. Previous evidence suggests that people suffering from chronic pain are using psychedelics to seek relief and the present paper presents the results of a survey study investigating their use and analgesic effects among individuals suffering from fibromyalgia, arthritis, migraine, tension\u2010type headache and sciatica.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T01:24:15Z","timestamp":1692667455000},"page":"153-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Potential analgesic effects of psychedelics on select chronic pain conditions: A survey study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Cavarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha Leigh","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim P. C.","family":"Kuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Bonnelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Beckley Foundation  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Beckley Foundation  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Feilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Beckley Foundation  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Kryskow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Ramaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0186-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637221114962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychedelic\u2010assisted psychotherapy\u2014A systematic review of associated psychological interventions","volume":"2996","author":"Cavarra M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.259408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.724606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S105892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint14020035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adverse events associated with medium\u2010and long\u2010term use of opioids for chronic non\u2010cancer pain: An overview of Cochrane reviews","volume":"10","author":"Els C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1977.hed1703118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1481827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2022.2108356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000467984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01575629"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Study of lysergic acid diethylamide as an analgesic agent","volume":"43","author":"Kast E. C.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Psychedelic communitas: Intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness","volume":"234","author":"Kettner H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320950567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119857204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.925446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.871187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120940937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2015.1107664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00962-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219761.05466.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011\u2010017\u20100120\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109528"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.2171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T05:05:58Z","timestamp":1724389558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.2171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.2171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.2171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}