{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T10:34:43Z","timestamp":1789295683190,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trunk co\u2010contraction during lifting may reflect a guarded motor response to a threatening task. This work estimated the impact of pain catastrophizing on trunk co\u2010contraction during lifting, in people with and without low back pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with high pain catastrophizing (back pain: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929, healthy: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) and low pain catastrophizing (back pain: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920, healthy: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), performed 10 repetitions of a lifting task. Electromyography data of rectus abdominis, erector spinae and external oblique muscles were collected, bilaterally. Co\u2010contraction indices were determined for rectus abdominis\/erector spinae and external oblique\/erector spinae pairings, bilaterally. Pain catastrophizing was measured using the pain catastrophizing scale and task\u2010specific fear using the Photograph series of daily activities scale. Three\u2010way mixed ANOVAs tested the effects of group (back pain vs. healthy), pain catastrophizing (high vs. low), lifting phase (lifting vs. replacing) and their interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no main effects of pain catastrophizing, lifting phase, nor any interactions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Group effects revealed greater co\u2010contraction for bilateral erector spinae\/rectus abdominis pairings (but not erector spinae\u2010external oblique pairings) in people with back pain, compared to healthy participants, independent of pain catastrophizing and lifting phase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Spearman correlations associated greater task\u2010specific fear and greater erector spinae\u2010left external oblique co\u2010contraction, only in people with back pain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater co\u2010contraction in the back pain group occurred independent of pain catastrophizing, as measured with a general questionnaire. A task\u2010specific measure of threat may be more sensitive to detecting relationships between threat and co\u2010contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work contributes evidence that people with back pain commonly exhibit trunk co\u2010contraction when lifting. The lack of a relationship between pain catastrophizing and trunk co\u2010contraction, however, challenges evidence linking psychological factors and guarded motor behaviour in this group. Together, this suggests that other factors may be stronger determinants of co\u2010contraction in people with LBP or that a general construct like pain catastrophizing may not accurately represent this relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.4717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1724481935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pain catastrophizing and trunk co\u2010contraction during lifting in people with and without chronic low back pain: A cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Ippersiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in 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