{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:49:16Z","timestamp":1790192956852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain profiles (e.g. pro\u2010 and anti\u2010nociceptive) can be developed using quantitative sensory testing (QST) but substantial variability exists. This study describes the variability in temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients, proposes cut\u2010off values, and explores the association with clinical pain intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a secondary analysis in which TSP and CPM were assessed using cuff algometry in pain\u2010free subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200969), and patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009267), osteoarthritis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009134), and fibromyalgia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009101). Using TSP and CPM from the pain\u2010free subjects as a reference, four distinct pain profiles TSP (low\/high) and CPM (low\/high) were created, and differences in clinical pain between pain profiles were explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individual data revealed large inter\u2010person variability. High TSP and low CPM were found in fibromyalgia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and osteoarthritis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) but not cLBP when compared to pain\u2010free subjects. The proportion of patients classified into the distinct pain profiles was significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with the largest proportion in the high TSP and low CPM group in fibromyalgia (52.5%) and osteoarthritis (41.4%). Clinical pain was not significantly different comparing the pain profiles, and no significant correlations were observed between clinical pain and TSP or CPM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results demonstrated substantial inter\u2010person variability in TSP and CPM in patients with different chronic pain conditions and pain\u2010free subjects. The proportion of patients with a pro\u2010nociceptive profile appears larger in fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, but we found no association to clinical pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significant Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis shows that there is variability when assessing TSP and CPM in both pain\u2010free subjects and patients with chronic pain. A cut\u2010off for determining when a person is pain\u2010sensitive is proposed, and data based on this cut\u2010off approach suggest that significantly more patients with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia are pain\u2010sensitive (i.e. higher TSP and lower CPM) compared to pain\u2010free subjects. This analysis does not find an association between pain sensitivity and clinical pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.4741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T09:47:55Z","timestamp":1728553675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pain profiles and variability in temporal summation of pain and conditioned pain modulation in pain\u2010free individuals and patients with low back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4506-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian Kj\u00e6r\u2010Staal","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Production, Center for Mathematical Modeling of Knee Osteoarthritis (MathKOA) Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Medical Research Unit, Spine Center of Southern Denmark University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten Rune","family":"Blichfeldt\u2010Eckhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Lillebaelt Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"Nim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Medical Research Unit, Spine Center of Southern Denmark University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Center for Muscle and Joint Health  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arendt\u2010Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Production, Center for Mathematical Modeling of Knee Osteoarthritis (MathKOA) Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Mech\u2010Sense, Clinical Institute Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute Aalborg University 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