{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:07:58Z","timestamp":1785355678030,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid analgesics are commonly used to treat acute and chronic pain following traumatic injury. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported to be associated with increased pain and persistent opioid use. Our aims were to determine the extent of post\u2010injury opioid use and assess whether pre\u2010injury antidepressant, benzodiazepine, and z\u2010hypnotic drug use is associated with increased post\u2010injury opioid use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on trauma patients aged 15\u2009years and older included in the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry between 2005 and 2014 was linked to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database. We identified opioid dispensing within the first 90 and 365\u2009days following trauma and determined subsequent persistent use. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine associations between pre\u2010 and post\u2010injury drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>3912 of 11,057 patients (35.4%) had opioids dispensed within 90\u2009days after trauma, and 4644 (42.0%) within 365\u2009days. Among 9800 previously opioid\u2010na\u00efve, the proportions were 33.0% and 39.0%, respectively. One year after the first post\u2010injury opioid dispensing, 9.6% of all opioid users and 4.5% of new users were defined as persistent users. Pre\u2010injury benzodiazepine use and z\u2010hypnotic use was associated with new persistent opioid use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47\u20133.45, and aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.33\u20133.13, respectively), whereas pre\u2010injury antidepressant use was not (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 0.97\u20132.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid use after trauma is widespread. Development of persistent use is limited, particularly in previously opioid\u2010na\u00efve patients. Pre\u2010injury benzodiazepine or z\u2010hypnotic use seem to increase odds of new persistent use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance statement<\/jats:title><jats:p>This large registry\u2010based study adds to the body of knowledge on opioid use beyond in\u2010hospital care in patients having sustained traumatic injury, a field which is scarcely investigated and not yet fully understood. It suggests that both previous drug therapy and the nature of opioid treatment initiation may affect outcome. This will help guide clinicians in selecting the appropriate pain management in this patient group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.4743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1729919467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Post\u2010injury use of opioid analgesics in patients with traumatic injury: A registry\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik A.","family":"Torp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana O.","family":"Skurtveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingebj\u00f8rg","family":"Gustavsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon M.","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiv A.","family":"Rosseland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev\u20102016\u2010042059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain\u20102019\u20100095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000003138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000004180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139814713.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010007\u20100349\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068\u2010023\u201002244\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201010788\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.10734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain\u20102018\u20100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Health Economics Administration. 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