{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:18:00Z","timestamp":1788175080103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["083259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["083259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD studentship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking, Europain","award":["115007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized in clinical presentation of neuropathic pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>), but less often recognized in animal models. Neurochemical dysregulation in rodent dorsal root ganglia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with peripheral nerve trauma, but poorly studied in non\u2010traumatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the temporal expressions of activating transcription factor\u20103 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103), growth\u2010associated protein\u201043 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201043), neuropeptide <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPY<\/jats:styled-content>) and galanin in traumatic and non\u2010traumatic rat models of neuropathies associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>. Expressions of these markers were examined in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> at different time points following tibial nerve transection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNT<\/jats:styled-content>) injury and antiretroviral drug stavudine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">d4T<\/jats:styled-content>) administration using immunohistochemistry. The development of sensory gain following these insults was assessed by measuring limb withdrawal to a punctate mechanical stimulus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010injured and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">d4T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats developed hindpaw mechanical hypersensitivity. Robust expressions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201043, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPY<\/jats:styled-content> and galanin in both small\u2010 and large\u2010sized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>5 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> neurons were observed in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010injured rats. In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">d4T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats did not exhibit any significant neurochemical changes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, the results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201043, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPY<\/jats:styled-content> and galanin are likely indicators of nerve trauma\u2010associated processes and not generic markers for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>. These experiments also demonstrate distinct expression patterns of neurochemical markers in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> and emphasize the mechanistic difference between nerve trauma and antiretroviral drug\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T04:23:00Z","timestamp":1406607780000},"page":"236-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Heterogeneous responses of dorsal root ganglion neurons in neuropathies induced by peripheral nerve trauma and the antiretroviral drug stavudine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"E.K.","family":"Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research Group Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  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