{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:57:52Z","timestamp":1790431072023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and systemic inflammation, results in destruction of joints and cartilages. Effectiveness of curcumin has been established in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders, but its utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by its poor absorption, rapid metabolism and fast systemic elimination. To apprehend these limitations, we propose to use highly bioavailable curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C\u2010SLNs<\/jats:styled-content>) for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, the protective effect of curcumin and its <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLNs<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated in complete <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>reund's adjuvant (CFA)\u2010induced arthritis in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arthritic rats exhibited marked decrease in paw withdrawal threshold in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>andall\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>elitto and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">v<\/jats:styled-content>on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>rey hair test along with decreased reaction time in hot plate. Arthritic rats also showed significant joint hyperalgesia, joint stiffness and increased paw volume along with marked decrease in mobility score. Arthritic rats showed a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, oxidative\u2010nitrosative stress, tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010reactive protein, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels and radiological alterations in tibiotarsal joint. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C\u2010SLN<\/jats:styled-content> administration (10 and 30\u2009mg\/kg), when compared with free curcumin (10 and 30\u2009mg\/kg), significantly and dose dependently ameliorated various symptoms of arthritis in rats, improved biochemical markers and preserved radiological alterations in joints of arthritic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current findings suggest the protective potential of curcumin\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLNs<\/jats:styled-content> in ameliorating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced arthritis in rats through attenuation of oxido\u2010inflammatory and immunomodulatory cascade. Further, the results emphasize that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLNs<\/jats:styled-content> are a novel approach to deliver curcumin into the inflamed joints and improve its biopharmaceutical performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T06:51:04Z","timestamp":1416207064000},"page":"940-952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant\u2010induced arthritis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Laboratory University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC Center of Advanced Study Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kuhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Laboratory 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