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However, peripheral mechanisms underlying orofacial pain abnormalities following IAN<\/jats:styled-content> regeneration are not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Head withdrawal threshold (HWT<\/jats:styled-content>), jaw opening reflex (JOR<\/jats:styled-content>) thresholds, single\u2010fibre recordings of the regenerated mental nerve (MN<\/jats:styled-content>) fibres, calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>), isolectin B<\/jats:styled-content>4 (IB<\/jats:styled-content>4), peripherin, neurofilament\u2010200 (NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010200) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV<\/jats:styled-content>1) expression in trigeminal ganglion (TG<\/jats:styled-content>) cells, and electron microscopic (EM<\/jats:styled-content>) observations of the regenerated MN<\/jats:styled-content> fibres were studied in MN\u2010 and IAN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010transected (M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content>) rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>HWT<\/jats:styled-content> to mechanical or heat stimulation of the mental skin was significantly lower in M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content> rats compared with sham rats. Mean conduction velocity of action potentials recorded from MN<\/jats:styled-content> fibres (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009124) was significantly slower in M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content> rats compared with sham rats. The percentage of Fluoro\u2010Gold (FG<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010labelled CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, peripherin\u2010 or TRPV<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010immunoreactive (IR<\/jats:styled-content>) cells was significantly larger in M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content> rats compared with that of sham rats, whereas that of FG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010labelled IB4\u2010 and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010200\u2010IR<\/jats:styled-content> cells was significantly smaller in M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content> rats compared with sham rats. Large\u2010sized myelinated nerve fibres were rarely observed in M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IANX<\/jats:styled-content> rats, whereas large\u2010sized unmyelinated nerve fibres were frequently observed and were aggregated in the bundles at the distal portion of regenerated axons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>These findings suggest that the demyelination of MN<\/jats:styled-content> fibres following regeneration may be involved in peripheral sensitization, resulting in the orofacial neuropathic pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T11:28:45Z","timestamp":1418988525000},"page":"1258-1266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Morphological and functional changes in regenerated primary afferent fibres following mental and inferior alveolar nerve 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