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However, to date, most single country studies on this association have been undertaken in Western countries. This study examined the association in Japan where information is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were drawn from the World Mental Health Survey Japan, a population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional survey undertaken in 11 areas of Japan in 2002\u20132006. We analyzed data from adults aged \u226520\u00a0years who provided information on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>s occurring before age 18\u00a0years and chronic pain (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01740). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk for different forms of adult\u2010onset chronic pain (arthritis\/rheumatism, neck\/back pain, headache and any pain) as a function of the presence of 11 different types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> and the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the adjusted models, significant associations were observed between: physical abuse and neck\/back pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.55) and any pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.88); sexual abuse and any pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.84). Significant dose\u2010dependent relationships were also observed between a greater number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>s and some adult\u2010onset chronic pain conditions (neck\/back and any pain).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that in Japan, some forms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> may be associated with certain types of adult\u2010onset chronic pain, in particular neck\/back pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T19:23:12Z","timestamp":1425324192000},"page":"1418-1427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Childhood adversities and adult\u2010onset chronic pain: Results from the World Mental Health Survey, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Stickley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST) S\u00f6dert\u00f6rn University Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"WHO World Mental Health Japan Survey Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Survival Analysis Using SAS. 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