{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T04:45:54Z","timestamp":1764477954163,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the impact of chronic pain on cognition, CRPS may affect specific cognitive functions. However, cognitive functioning is rarely assessed in CRPS, and previous studies have examined only limited domains. As a result, it remains unclear which cognitive functions are affected and whether impairments are CRPS\u2010specific. This study comprehensively evaluates cognition in CRPS and compares it to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to determine whether cognitive dysfunction is specific to CRPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients underwent a standardised cognitive assessment consisting of ten tests, evaluating the domains of memory, concentration, executive functioning, social cognition and performance validity. Standardised z\u2010scores and proportion of low\u2010performing patients (&lt;\u2009\u22121.5 SD from age\u2010, sex\u2010 and education adjusted normative data) were examined. Both patient groups were compared with each other and the expected population proportion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty\u2010four patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200939 CRPS and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925 CTS) with a mean age of 52.5 (range 20\u201381) were included. Compared with patients with CTS, patients with CRPS had significantly higher pain scores 24 h before and during the visit (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). All cognitive test results were similar between the two groups. Z\u2010scores of both groups were comparable or better than the population norm. Furthermore, proportions of patients with Z\u2010scores below \u22121.5 SD were similar or better than expected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results consistently showed no cognitive impairment in either patient group. Both groups met or exceeded population norms on all tests. However, despite our clear results, attention should be paid to factors affecting cognition, like depression, anxiety and stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores the underexamined cognitive dysfunction in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Cognitive issues, often reported by CRPS patients, can add to the burden on daily life and quality of life (QoL) but are rarely assessed. By comparing CRPS with CTS, this research examines whether cognitive impairments are specific to CRPS. Identifying these issues may lead to targeted therapies addressing both pain and cognitive challenges, ultimately improving patient outcomes and QoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T06:58:53Z","timestamp":1748847533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Function in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: No Clear Impairment Found in a Select Patient Sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J. P. M.","family":"Huygen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitske","family":"Tiemensma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"Sleep Deprivation: Impact on Cognitive Performance","volume":"3","author":"Alhola P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04696-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S416253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01156-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642011DN05010003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Advanced Neuropsychological Diagnostics Infrastructure (ANDI): A Normative Database Created From Control Datasets","volume":"7","author":"Vent N. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Deelman B. G. M.Koning\u2010Haanstra andW. B. G.Liebrand.2000.\u201cSAN Test een Afasietest Voor Auditief Taalbegrip en Mondeling Taalgebruik (Herdruk).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Dutch Ministry of Education. n.d.\u201cCAS.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ocwincijfers.nl\/sectoren\/onderwijs\u2010algemeen\/hoogst\u2010behaald\u2010onderwijsniveau."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4561831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02940-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00386-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.673962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405901206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2017.1280181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12567-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9369-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Reitan R. M.1986.\u201cTrail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring Reitan Neuropsychology Laboratory.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2011.00032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000270308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18030"},{"volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2013Fourth Edition (WAIS\u2010IV)","year":"2008","author":"Wechsler D.","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.70046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T04:43:52Z","timestamp":1764477832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.70046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.70046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.70046","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1090-3801"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-2149"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70046"}}