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Pain management strategies focusing on pain reduction have shown limited effects on functioning; however, behavioural treatments aimed at enhancing resilience have demonstrated strong empirical support. Digital solutions offer new opportunities for delivering evidence\u2010based treatments, but evaluation at the individual level is needed. The aim of this study is to examine individual\u2010level treatment effects of a digital behavioural treatment for chronic pain in a heterogeneous sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A study with a single\u2010case experimental design (SCED) was conducted with participants (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) experiencing chronic pain (&gt;\u20093\u2009months) recruited through healthcare. Participants were randomised at baseline (5\u201310\u2010day A\u2010phase) and completed a 6\u2010module digital treatment based on learning theory and well\u2010established theories applied to chronic pain (6\u20138\u2010week B\u2010phase), with weekly therapist contact. Digital diaries, prompted twice daily, tracked psychological flexibility and acceptance, pain\u2010related functioning, pain intensity and well\u2010being. Data were analysed using visual analysis and effect size calculations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911 enrolled and data from\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910 were analysed (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 refused digital diary,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092 partial completers,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098 full completers). Pain profiles varied (e.g., chronic migraine, fibromyalgia, lower back pain, etc.). Several participants benefited from the treatment, though results varied across individuals and across outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The digital behavioural treatment showed promise in addressing diverse pain profiles and associated functioning. The variability in responses highlights the benefit of using SCED to explore individual\u2010level effects, thus offering a methodological proof\u2010of\u2010concept. Findings support further development, including tailoring to match individual needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This proof\u2010of\u2010concept study provides support for the utility of digital behavioural interventions and individual\u2010level evaluation of treatment effects, highlighting the potential of personalised pain treatments. The findings contribute to the growing body of support for digital solutions as effective and accessible approaches to improve functioning and resilience for people with diverse pain experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T11:10:12Z","timestamp":1758193812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Individual\u2010Level Effects of a Digital Behavioural Treatment for Chronic Pain: Proof\u2010of\u2010Concept of a Single\u2010Case Experimental Design Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0644-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haya","family":"Al Sharaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Pain Clinic Capio St. G\u00f6ran's Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Laureen","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afra S.","family":"Taygar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn\u00e9a","family":"Engman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Pain Clinic Capio St. G\u00f6ran's Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Optometry Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Flink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Psychological Studies Karlstad University  Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Boersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance M.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan W. 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