{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:50:56Z","timestamp":1790952656513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective treatment of paediatric chronic pain requires a robust and comprehensive set of outcome assessment tools to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Although a core outcome set (COS) exists for clinical trials, its practicability and appropriateness for clinical practice is currently unknown. This cross\u2010sectional study led by the IN\u2010ChildPain group aimed to: (1) identify clinical outcome domains and measures used by clinicians treating children and adolescents with chronic pain, (2) determine which domains are considered mandatory in clinical routine and (3) compare prioritisation across disciplines and countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An online survey, available in eight languages, was conducted eliciting data from clinicians who treat children and adolescents with chronic pain. Percentages of the most commonly used outcomes were calculated, and\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were performed to compare study variables based on participants' country income status and professional background.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 193 clinicians from 42 countries participated. The most commonly assessed domains were pain intensity (84%), pain interference (80%) and physical functioning (79%), with higher assessment rates in high\u2010income countries. Pain intensity and interference were deemed mandatory by 93% of participants, followed by physical functioning (92%). However, only 53% reported using patient\u2010reported outcome measures, with the 0\u201310 Numeric Rating Scale being the most common (94%). Assessment practices varied as a function of country income level and professional background.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight the need to develop and implement a COS tailored to the needs and resources of clinicians. Such standardisation would enhance consistency in assessment, enable cross\u2010site benchmarking and promote equitable pain care globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides critical insights into how clinicians assess paediatric chronic pain, highlighting significant global disparities and professional differences in outcome domain prioritisation. By identifying commonly assessed domains, these findings emphasise the need for standardised measures and pave the way for developing a core outcome set tailored to clinical activities. Such an advance is essential for improving the consistency and quality of care for children and adolescents with chronic pain worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T11:50:56Z","timestamp":1768650656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcome Assessment in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain: An International Clinical Practice Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1998-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pain Division Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Avaluaci\u00f3 i Mesura de la Conducta Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Institut Investigacions Sanit\u00e0ries Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pain Division Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Avaluaci\u00f3 i Mesura de la Conducta Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Institut Investigacions Sanit\u00e0ries Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Liossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle  Callaghan Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inese","family":"Gobina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research Children's Clinical University Hospital Latvia  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health Riga Stradins University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Skidmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"O'Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College Dublin  Belfield, Dublin 4 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Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"St\u00e5hl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Centre for Children and Adolescent Pain Management and Research HUS New Children's Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikard K.","family":"Wicksell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Pain Clini Capio S:t G\u00f6ran Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Allen","family":"Finley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IWK Health Centre  Halifax Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Cebrecos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTEVE Healthcare  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbet","family":"Goubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental\u2010Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Reinoso\u2010Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pain Unit Hospital La Paz  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela C.","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine University Hospital Muenster  Muenster 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