{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:20:42Z","timestamp":1789564842623,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervicogenic headache lacks comprehensive evidence comparing all available treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of interventions for reducing headache intensity, frequency and headache\u2010related disability in cervicogenic headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Databases and Data Treatment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacological and non\u2010pharmacological interventions in adults diagnosed with cervicogenic headache. Searches were performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. The primary outcomes were headache intensity and frequency. The secondary outcome was the Headache Impact Test (HIT\u20106). Data was synthesised using random\u2010effects network meta\u2010analysis, with risk of bias assessed via the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Treatment hierarchies were established using P\u2010scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review included 41 RCTs involving 1922 participants, with 37 studies contributing to network meta\u2010analysis. Multimodal non\u2010pharmacological approaches demonstrated superior short\u2010term efficacy compared to single\u2010modality and pharmacological interventions. The highest\u2010ranked interventions for both intensity and frequency reduction included manual therapy combined with dry needling (intensity: mean difference [MD]\u2009=\u2009\u22125.98, 95% CI: \u221210.43 to \u22121.53; frequency: MD\u2009=\u2009\u221215.29, 95% CI: \u221220.99 to \u22129.59). The combination of manual therapy, exercise, and orthosis demonstrated the greatest reduction in HIT\u20106 scores (MD\u2009=\u2009\u221218.69, 95% CI: \u221228.62 to \u22128.76). In contrast, isolated passive treatments such as massage and pharmacological interventions including pregabalin and botulinum toxin demonstrated limited effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimodal non\u2010pharmacological approaches are superior to single\u2010modality treatments and pharmacological interventions in the short\u2010term management of cervicogenic headache, effectively reducing headache intensity, frequency and headache\u2010related disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This network meta\u2010analysis demonstrates that multimodal non\u2010pharmacological approaches are superior to single\u2010modality treatments and pharmacological interventions in the short\u2010term management of cervicogenic headache, effectively reducing headache intensity, frequency and headache\u2010related disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:05:06Z","timestamp":1769101506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Cervicogenic Headache: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nantawan","family":"Koonalinthip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prut","family":"Koonalintip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Internal 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