{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:23:34Z","timestamp":1791919414841,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropathic pain (NP) is a severe form of chronic pain associated with reduced quality of life. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can provide pain relief for some but not all treated, highlighting the importance of predictive markers. Previous studies have found that individuals with NP have abnormal alpha oscillations detected by resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) and altered conditioned pain modulation (CPM). In the current study, we tested whether these measures predicted SCS outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients with NP (22F, 18\u2009M) were evaluated before a 12\u2010day trial of SCS including pain self\u2010reports, CPM, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 5\u2010min MEG scans to evaluate alpha oscillations (8\u201313\u2009Hz) in the dynamic pain connectome. Those with \u2265\u200930% pain reduction post\u2010trial were considered treatment responders. Twenty\u2010nine age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HC) (17F, 12\u2009M) also underwent CPM testing and MEG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Half of the patients treated were classified as responders based on reduced pain intensity. Responders also had significantly improved quality of life compared to nonresponders. There were 2 key findings from the pre\u2010SCS testing: (1) Pain relief following SCS significantly correlated with lower alpha power in nodes of the salience network and ascending nociceptive pathway; this relationship demonstrated regionally specific sex trends; and (2) Nonresponders exhibited significantly abnormal inefficient CPM (whole spectrum or inhibitory) and reduced peak alpha frequency in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, which had a strong effect size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal brain\u2010behaviour features involving alpha oscillations and CPM may underlie the ineffectiveness of SCS to treat NP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings not only build on our fundamental understanding of the individual variability and abnormalities in brain\u2010behavioural measures in NP but also demonstrate their potential predictive value when considering personalised pain management with SCS treatment and potential neural targets for those resistant to SCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:13:27Z","timestamp":1775452407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alpha Oscillations and Conditioned Pain Modulation Is Associated With Treatment Resistance to Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rima","family":"El\u2010Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaidhehi Veena","family":"Sanmugananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Besik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Rae","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Paige","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Fauchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Toronto Western Hospital, and University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Dunkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Neurosciences &amp; Mental Health Program The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Deborah","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460306.48701.f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2021.100285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000002417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"International Review of Neurobiology","author":"El\u2010Sayed R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2021.784362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00279.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320962497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24740527.2019.1574536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2025.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103959(00)00310\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.06.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"S263","article-title":"Consequences of Neuropathic Pain: Quality\u2010Of\u2010Life Issues and Associated Costs","volume":"12","author":"McCarberg B. 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