{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:46:14Z","timestamp":1788482774243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) scores have consistently been associated with heightened pain perception and poorer treatment outcomes. However, the PCS is typically administered as a trait\u2010level measure and does not capture within\u2010day fluctuations in pain\u2010related cognitions. With increasing interest in real\u2010time monitoring through Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), there is a need for reliable and efficient instruments suitable for repeated use without inducing response fatigue or bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The German version of the 13\u2010item PCS was adapted using minimal linguistic modifications for momentary assessment. Based on a cross\u2010sectional design, the original and EMA versions were administered to 691 and 1440 patients, who reported pain within the last week. Using Item Response Theory (IRT), we modeled item characteristics, confirmed unidimensionality, and developed three 4\u2010item short forms to enable efficient and balanced assessment. In addition, we conducted computer\u2010adaptive testing (CAT) simulations to examine expected measurement precision and item exposure effects under repeated adaptive use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adapted PCS showed strong essential unidimensionality and high item discrimination. All short forms achieved high measurement precision across a broad range of symptom severity. CAT simulations confirmed high precision for initial assessments, though performance declined with repeated use due to the limited item pool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides an initial psychometric evaluation of a momentary\u2010adaptive PCS using IRT\u2010based short forms and CAT simulations. Adaptive administration improved efficiency in early assessments but requires further validation in real\u2010world EMA designs to establish longitudinal performance and applied utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study introduces an adaptive, real\u2010time version of the PCS optimized for ecological momentary assessment. By combining IRT\u2010based short forms and computer\u2010adaptive testing, the approach enhances measurement precision while reducing burden in repeated assessments. These findings represent a methodological step toward high\u2010resolution monitoring of PCS\u2010based pain\u2010related cognitions in clinical and mobile health research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:19:03Z","timestamp":1776683943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing High\u2010Resolution Assessment in Pain Disorders: Development of an Adaptive Real\u2010Time Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0131-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin Yves","family":"Plessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychotherapy University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Liegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Patient\u2010Centered Outcomes Research (CPCOR), Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Patient\u2010Centered Outcomes Research (CPCOR), Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena\u2010Sophie","family":"Koeppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vajkoczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery With Pediatric Neurosurgery Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Prasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Health Data Sciences BIH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Person\u2010Centred Research, Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Patient\u2010Centered Outcomes Research (CPCOR), Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Obbarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Patient\u2010Centered Outcomes Research 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